Antiskid device for car wheels



Jan. 2, 1934. A GARClA ANTISKID DEVICE FOR CAR WHEELS Filed Nov. 22, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet l f ve'n #01": 192 4410: araza,

Jan. 2, 1934.

A. GARCIA ANTISKID DEVICE FOR CAR WHEELS Filed Nov. 22, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Jan. 2, 1934 S AT it I y 1,941,s5'1fl"" 7 ANTISKID-DEVICEFORCAR WHEELS V Alfonso Garcia, Mexico, Mexico Application November 22, 1932, Serial No. 643,929,

and irrMexico December 22, 1931 9Clainis. (01. 303-21). V

invention relates to an apparatus for avoiding skiddingjor sliding of the wheels of vehicles when airbrakesare used on said wheels.

The object. of v the invention is to provide an apparatus which will avoidjthe skidding of vehiclejwheels when airbrakes are applied to them with some force. i The apparatus according to the present inven tion is illustrated in the accompanying drawings,

Fig. ,1 is a diagrammaticalviewjof the appara tusfshowing the different parts of which it is composed.

t Fig, 2 shows the apparatusplaced on the trucks of a car with four pairs of wheels. In the truck on the right-hand side the apparatus are V and low pressure valve QB;

iii

placed together in onesingle piece and connect,

ed separately by means of a band to the shaft of the pair of wheels whichthey are to govern; in the truck on the left hand side the apparatus are placed individually and connectedalso with'a.

band to their corresponding pair 'o f wheelsf The object ofFig; 2' is to sho'w how the apparatus are placed either together or separately, The number of pairs of wheels onfa car is pi no importancef Y Fig. 3]is a detailedsectional view of the high With reference to Fig. 1 1 is the body of the apparatus in which are placed all the several parts of same. This body is provided with a reservoir 2 for receiving, oil,g 3 is astrainer of wire; net, i arerpassages by whichthe .oil may pass from thereservoir to the passages 8, i 5, Sand '7 are three gears. 9 isanoscillatory valveand ,10 is a discharge passage; 11'is a piston with leather packing 12 held. in place by the washer 13 and the nut 14. This nut l4also serves as a seat for the relief valve 15. 16 isa stop for the governor of therelief valve. 17 is a washer having a hole for the passage of the rod of the piston and other holes for the passageiof the exce'ssfoiL 18 isa tray for' holding parto'f the'oil which is discharged through thecylinder of the piston. A projection 19 in which is inserted the governor of the relief valve has two projections of which one movesthe slide valve 20 while the other serves as a support for the spring 26. 21 is the cover for the slide valve 20Qandhas an admission passage 22; 23' is an atmospheric outlet 'port; 24 is a spring which compresses the piston. 25 is a governor to hold the relief valve. The spring 26 will maintain the governor in any'desired posi-. tion. 2'7 is aplug inthe oil reservoir. .Saidplug is. provided witha rod formeasuring the oil con.-

tents andlis also provided with a relief port foravoidingaccumulation of pressure. "The object of the aforementioned pieces is the follewing'; it

c When the oil reservoir 2 is full of oil, thi's'will; flow through "the conduits irandwill fill the chamber'of' theg ears 5. 6 and'i. These three gears form together a. pump which will work" ef'-" fectively in any direction inwh'ichthe gears are turned. The gear 5 is" connected to a pulley which moves it, and when the gear 5 rotates to the left it pumps together with gear 6 and when".

it rotates to the'right the gears 6 and 7 will effect-1 the pumping. The oil which is thus pumped passes through the conduct S'inthe. correspond ing side and through the oscillating valve; 9;

through conduit 10.to-the cylinder of the pistonstrikes against the stop 16 cause-the reliefvalve 15 to rai e from its seat andthus allow theoil' which has been continuously-pumped to pass through said valve and through the holes m am the piston 11 and in the cover 1'7 to the tray 18 andto the reservoir 2,- whereby the oil will-"only be circulated during the time "in which the pis g ton closes the outlet 23 by means of the-slide valve 201 In these conditions the governor 25 'with the" p ss e ro rin sp n 2 wi l keep een. the relief valve so that the oil which has collected at the bottom of the cylinder of the piston may pass therethrough when the pump does not work, so that the piston may return rapidly by, means of the spring 24. When the head of the relief valvestrikes against the bottom of the-cylinder of the piston the spring 24 will overcome'the friction of the spring against the governor and thus permit the relief valve to go back to its seat:

ing with it the slide valve 20 again opening'the outlet 23 to the atmosphere.

The tray 18 serves for receiving and storing 7 part of the oil which circulates so that the gear 5 may always be fed with oil through the upper conduit 4 even when the quantity of oil the 119 level. V

The object of the apparatus according to the present invention is to control the movement of the wheels of a car and discharge into the atmosphere the air which is being used for the braking 7 when the wheel to which the apparatus is content which will not stop the turning of the wheels;

When the car is started the axlesof the wheels, by means of a band, will make thegear pump rotate, and the pump will immediately pumpthe oil which is placed in the reservoir, and theoil "will build up pressure on the pistonof the ap-,

paratus which will be moved to the right carrying with it the slide valve which will close the out .let port of the apparatus tothe air. Under these conditions, when the air brake is appliedgthe'air coming from the cylinder of thebrake ofthecar reaches the chamber via passage "22 of the sliding valve, butwill not escape therefrom because the valve is blanking the outlet port. When, one or several of the wheels of the car stop rotating due to excess application of air or due to defects in the mechanism, the pump will stopworking, and

i as there is consequently nopressure of the oil 30' against the piston, said. piston will go back to its initial position due to the action of the spring 24 and also bring back toits initial position the slide valve whichthus uncovers the outletport so that the air may escape.

i Hereby the brakes are loosened,- and when the wheels begin to rotate again starting thepump, the escape of the air through said outlet port ,is suspended and thereby is obtained a degree, of braking which correspondsfto the rotating 'capacity ofthe wheels. H

The location of the apparatusand of the other pieces necessary for their application, is shown in Fig. 2, in which:

A is a cut-out cock; B is a valve of high-and low pressure, C is an admissionpipe; .D is the apparatus according to the present invention which serves forone pair of wheels. E are the supports for the apparatus, and F are the bands,

for transmission. The object of the said pieces. is

the following: v e

The cut-out cock has for its object to cut-out, the apparatus from the brake equipment in casethe apparatus for onereason or. another should ,fail to work, so that the brakes of the car may continue to work as if the apparatus were not applied. The valve of high and' lfow pressure valve B. has for its object to cut-out the appa-..

ratus from the brake equipment, in emergency cases and in'caseswhere the. application of the brakes is rather weak and when the pressure in the cylinder of the brake doesnot exceed 25. pounds, whereby the wholepower of the brake may be obtained in emergency stops-with low velocity. The admission pipe serves for connect ing the brake cylinder with the antirskid apDa-i ratus. The bands are for transmitting the movement of the wheels to theapparatus.

As shown in the drawings, valve 3 comprises a,

7O housing 28 and casings29 for the springs 30 and 40. Diaphragms 33 are positioned in the housingby means of washers 32'and cooperate with spindles 31. Theraction of springs :30 and 40 is varied by means of adjusting nuts 34 ,threaded' within the casings 29. Covers '35 areassociated with said casings 29 to protect the spring adclaim is:

reservoir be very small and consequently of low.

apparatus from the regular brake equipment when the application of the brakes is made with low pressure, that is, lower than the resistance of the regulator spring 30.

When the pressure of the air from the brake equipment is greater than that for which the resistancerof the spring 30 is graduated, the excess of pressure will open the admission valve 36 downwardly keeping it in such position, thus allowing the air to pass from chamber a to chamber b, through the conduct cf to chamber d and through the seat of the valve 37 to the chamber e and finally to the apparatus according to the present invention, which under such circumstances are placed in communication with the cylinder of brake equipment and enabled to loosen the brakes when some of the wheels begin to skid. V When emergency applications are effected, the admission valve 36,,its' diaphragm and regulating spring 30, will function as described. In these cases the whole strength of the brake is obtained, and consequently'the pressure of air in the cylinderpf the brake and inthe chambers a, b and fd is greater than that for which the regulating spring 40 has been graduated. This ex-" cess pressure onthe upper face of the diaphragm will compress the regulating, spring 40, rwhere afterthe valve 37, by means of the spring 38, may fall into its seat and vcutoff the communication of the air between chambers Td and e, thus cutting off the apparatus from the regular brake equipmentflof thecar V The object of this valve, as has been seen, is 1 0 to rcut oif the apparatus from the regular brake equipment during emergency applications and applications of low pressure, and connecting them under ordinary service applications.

Havingv thus described my invention, whatI An apparatus for avoiding skidding or sliding of car wheels controlled by air brakes, comprising a, casing containing an oilreservoirand a pump chamber, a pumpin said chamber for drawing .oil from saidreservoir and forcing it through a pas'sage to one end of a cylinder, a piston in saidcylinder, a spring for urging the piston toward the voilieed end of the cylinder, a pistonrodattached to the piston and extendingthroug'h the cylinder, a relief" valve in said piston having astem extending through said piston rod, means for opening the relief valve when the piston reaches the end of its stroke, means mounted on the end of the piston rod for actuating the slide of aslide valve for controlling the escape'of air from a brake cylinder, and means mounted on the end of the piston rod for retaining the relief valve in open position until closedby return of the piston to its original position.'.. 2 An apparatus for avoiding skidding or sliding. of .car wheels controlled by air brakes by, releasing air from a brake cylinder whena wheel controlled thereby isstopped, comprising a valvereleasing air from a-brake cylinder controlled thereby is stopped, comprising a valve therein, means carriedby the piston for opening and closing said valve as the piston -moves-from one end-of litstravel'to the other, an oil pump operated by the brake'controll'ed wheel, a -reservoir for'supplying oil to said pump,'the discharge of'said pump being connected tosaid cylinder so that oil under pressure from said pump will movethe piston to a position to close theair release 'valve,'a'relief valve in "thehea'd of said piston adapted to bleed a portion of the oil therethrough,'-means for openingthe oil'relief valve whenthe piston is in a position to close the air release valve, and means for returning the piston to a'ipositionto open the air release valve when the-oil -pressure drops due to stopping of the-wheeldriving the pump.

3. An apparatus-for avoiding skidding or slid-' ing of car wheel's'controlled by air brakes by when a wheel for controlling the release of air from the brake cylinder, acylinder, a piston slidably mounted therein, means carried by the piston for openingand closing said valve as the piston moves from one end of its travel to theother, an-oil pump operated by the brake controlled wheel, a reservoir for supplying oil to said pump, the discharge of said pump being connected to said cylinder so that oil under pressure from said pump will move the piston to a position to close the air release valve, a relief valve in the head of said piston adapted to bleed a portion of the oil therethrough, means for opening the oil relief valve when the piston is in a position to close the air release valve, means for returning the piston to a position to open the air release valve when the oil pressure drops due to stopping of the wheel driving the pump, and means 7 for retaining the oil reliefvalve in open position until the piston has reached the end of travel towards the position at which the air release valve is open.

4. An apparatus for avoiding skidding or sliding of car wheels controlled by air brakes by releasing air from a brake cylinder when a wheel controlled thereby is stopped, comprising a valve for controlling the release of air from the brake cylinder, a cylinder, a piston slidably mounted therein, means carried by the piston for opening and closing said valve as the piston moves from one end of its travel to the other, an oil pump operated by the brake controlled wheel, a reservoir for supplying oil to said pump, the discharge of said pump being connected to said cylinder so that oil under pressure from said pump will move the piston to a position to close the air release valve, a relief valve in the head of said piston adapted to bleed a portion of the oil therethrough, means for opening the oil relief valve when the piston is in a positionto close the air release valve, means for returning the piston to a position to open the air release valve when the oil pressure drops due to stopping of the wheel driving the pump, and means for returning the oil bled through the oil relief valve to the reservoir.

5. An apparatus for avoiding skidding or sliding of car wheels controlled by air brakes by releasing air from a brake cylinder when a wheel controlled thereby is stopped, comprising a valve for controlling the release-of air from the brake cylinder, a cylinder, a piston slidably mounted therein, means carried by the piston for opening and closing said *valveas the piston, moves from: one end of its' 1 travel :to :the other, ..an1- oil. pump operated by the brake; controlledwheel, a reservoir for supplying oil to'saidipump, thedise charge of said pumpfa'bein'g connected: to said cylinder so that oil under pressure from-said pump willmovethe. piston to. a'position to close the air release valve, a relief valve in the head of said piston-adapted to bleedza portion of the oil therethrouglnmeans foropeni'ng the'oilt'rea lief valve. when the piston is in. apositionv-to close'theair' release valve, and means for re-l' turning the piston to a position to open the .air release valvewhen. the oil"pressure"-drops-due to stopping of the wheel driving the pump;- said oil pump comprising a' casing; a gear positioned therein, a pair of 'pinions positioned therein: on opposite sides of said gear and meshing therewith," saidzcasingibeing divided into three com'partments byfsaid meshing gear and .pinions, apasesage for feeding oil from said reservoir tov one of the compartments: servingtas .an inlet, passages leading from the discharge 'compartmentstoga duct. communicating withthe oil cylinder, sand means forv closing the passagefrom one'discharge compartment when the other: is idischargingeloili under-pressure. I

4 6; An apparatus; for avoiding or slid-f pump operated by the brake controlled wheel,

' a reservoir for supplying oil to said pump, the

discharge of said pump being connected to said cylinder so that oil under pressure from said pump will move the piston to a position to close the air release valve, a relief valve in the head of said piston adapted tobleed a portion of the oil therethrough, means for opening the oil relief valve when the piston is in a position to close the air release valve, and means for returning the piston to a position to open the air release valve when the oil pressure drops due to stopping of the wheel driving the pump, said oil pump comprising a casing containing three gears arranged to provide a double acting gear pump having a single" intake compartment and two discharge compartments, one of which is operative in one direction of rotation of the gears and the other in the op posite direction of rotation, and passages leading from both of, the discharge'chambers through an oscillating valve to a single discharge duct.

7. An apparatus for avoiding skidding or sliding of car wheels controlled by air brakes by releasing air from a brake cylinder when a wheel controlled thereby is stopped, comprising a valve for controlling the release of air from the brake cylinder, a cylinder, a piston slidably mounted therein, means carried by the piston for opening and closing said valve as the piston moves therrod to open the oil relief; valve as the piston reaches a position to close the air ,release'valve,

and a spring for. urgingthe piston toa position toopen' the air release valve.

18. An apparatus for avoiding skiddingor;slid-1 a reservoir for supplying oil to said pump, the dis charge of said pump being connected to said cylinder-so that 'oil under pressure from said pump-will move the piston to..a position to. close the .airrelease valve, a relief valve in; the head of said piston adapted to bleed azp'ortion of theoil 'therethrough, a; rod'for actuating the oil relief valvep an adjustable abutment for engagingtherrod 'tohopenthe oil'relief valve as the piston reaches a position'to close the air release valve, aspring for urgingthe piston toa position to open the air release valve; and; spring-controlled means for retaining the oil relief valve open after the rod has been movedout of "engagement with theabutment. I m

Qt-An apparatus for avoidinggskidding or slid-, ing of car wheels controlled by air brakes byre leasing air fromra brake cylinder when a wheel controlled thereby is stopped, comprising a valve for, controlling-the release of air fromthebrake. cylinder, a cylinder, a piston slidably mounted therein, 'meanscarried by the piston for opening and" closing said valve, as the piston -moves from oneend. of itstravel to the other, an oil pump operated by the. brake controlled wheel, a reservoir forfsupplying 'oil to saidpump, the discharge of said pump being connectedto-said-cyl inder so that oil under pressure from said pump willjmove the piston to a' position to close the air release valve, a; relief valve in theheadof said piston adapted to bleeda portion of the oil therethroughg a rod foractuating theoil relief valve, an adjustable abutment for engaging the rod to open the oilrelief yalve asthe piston reachesa position .to close the air "release valve, a'spring for urging the piston to. a p sition to open the air release valve and spring-controlled 'means for-retaining the'oil relief valve-open after the rod hasbeen movedout of engagement with the abutment until: the oil relief valveiis closedby being moved into engagement with the oil inlet end-of the cylinder.

' 7 ALFONSO GARCIA. 

